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Archives Volume No: 12, Issue No: 2, Year: 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
DIVERSIFYING BEYOND THE FIELDS: A REVIEW OF EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN THE RURAL NON-FARM SECTOR
Author Name:
Naveen Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16676721
Page No.:
1-11
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DIVERSIFYING BEYOND THE FIELDS: A REVIEW OF EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN THE RURAL NON-FARM SECTOR
Author: Naveen Sharma

ABSTRACT
The rural non-farm sector (RNFS) has grown significantly over the past few decades,
evolving into a vital component of rural livelihoods across developing countries, especially in
India. This paper presents a systematic review of key studies exploring employment
diversification in the RNFS, highlighting patterns, determinants, and implications for rural
development. The literature reveals a complex interplay of pull and push factors—including
declining farm profitability, urban proximity, education, caste, gender, and infrastructure—
that shape participation in non-farm employment. While some studies emphasize the role of
RNFS in reducing rural poverty and unemployment, others point to structural inequalities and
regional disparities in access and outcomes. Despite the growing policy focus on rural
transformation, major empirical gaps remain concerning occupational preferences, earnings,
and time use within the RNFS. This review concludes by identifying critical directions for
future research and policy, particularly the need for region-specific evidence and inclusive
employment strategies.
Keywords: Rural Non-Farm Sector (RNFS), Employment Diversification, Rural
Livelihoods, Non-Farm Employment, Rural Development

Paper Title:
DEBT MANAGEMENT AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MIGRANTS: A STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL LOANS IN PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT
Author Name:
Roni Jain Raju
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16812436
Page No.:
12-18
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DEBT MANAGEMENT AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MIGRANTS: A STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL LOANS IN PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT
Author: Roni Jain Raju

ABSTRACT
With the increasing popularity of studying abroad, a large number of students require loans.
This research paper looks into the socio-economic determinants of the loan amount accessed
alongside the financial burdens faced during repayment. A sample of student migrants, 100 in
total, were surveyed, from which multiple regression analysis was carried out on ten socioeconomic variables. The study's socio-economic outcome measures reported no significant
association between the chosen socio-economic measures and the loan amount accessed. The
results indicate that even though educational loans serve as a major funding source, students
face financial hardships during their academic programs due to high interest rates, low
income, and post-graduation employment opportunities. A significant number of respondents
reported managing their monthly cash flow especially with loan repayments was challenging,
leading to significant financial stress that negatively impacted their academic performance.
While respondents demonstrated a basic understanding of debt management and repayment
options, access to formal financial counselling was limited, leaving students to devise their
own stress alleviating mechanisms. The study recommends these respondents were partnered
with employers, increasing access to part time jobs, improving overall employment
opportunities.
Keywords: International Student Migration, Educational Loans, Debt Management,
Socio-Economic Factors

Paper Title:
MEASURE UP THE EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE – LEARNING AND GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN SERVICE SECTOR – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Author Name:
Meher Sekhon & Savita Nanda
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16901334
Page No.:
19-26
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MEASURE UP THE EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE – LEARNING AND GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN SERVICE SECTOR – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Author: Meher Sekhon & Savita Nanda

ABSTRACT
The Performance Measurement System becomes comprehensive when levels of learning and
growth are measured. In banking sector, it is utmost important parameter to evaluate the
performance of the employee through learning and growth perspective, which can further
help to take decisions regarding promotions, increments and performance linked pay scales.
The comprehensive data/ facts provided by the performance measurement system allows the
banks to underpin the strategies and practices for taking decisions regarding career profiles
and availability of opportunities for employees‟ upgradation in future too. The transparency
in the system helps the banks to frame and revise the strategies and programs as per the
requirements. Measures of central tendency such as mean, standard deviation etc. were
calculated to study the nature and distribution of items in the dimension of learning and
growth perspectives. The Correlation Analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between
employees‟ experience and their levels of learning and growth opportunities in the existing
organisation. Appropriate performance measures are integral part of the banking sector and of
course essential for the employees too. Therefore, it is essential to understand the value of
„Learning and Growth‟ perspective in service sector.
Keywords: Employees‟ performance Measurement, Knowledge distribution, Knowledge
interpretation, Internal acquisition of knowledge, External acquisition of knowledge,
Organizational memory, Growth dimension, Correlation Analysis.

Paper Title:
ENHANCING RURAL HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND SERVICES THROUGH DIGITAL HEALTH INNOVATIONS
Author Name:
Ankita Chaudhari & Khushboo Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16932466
Page No.:
27-38
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ENHANCING RURAL HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND SERVICES THROUGH DIGITAL HEALTH INNOVATIONS
Author: Ankita Chaudhari & Khushboo Sharma

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary era, digital health solutions have emerged as a transformative force in
the healthcare sector, particularly in rural areas where access to quality medical services
remains a critical challenge (Sharma, 2021). The integration of digital health technologies,
including telemedicine, mobile health (mHealth), electronic health records (EHRs), and
artificial intelligence-driven diagnostics, has significantly enhanced healthcare accessibility,
affordability, and efficiency (Patel & Gupta, 2022). This research paper explores the role of
digital health solutions in improving healthcare access and delivery in rural settings,
analyzing both the opportunities and challenges associated with their implementation (Jones
et al., 2020).
Rural populations across the globe suffer from inadequate healthcare infrastructure, a
shortage of medical professionals, and logistical barriers that hinder timely medical
intervention (Green & White, 2020). Digital health technologies offer innovative solutions to
bridge these gaps by providing remote consultations, health monitoring, and data-driven
decision-making tools that empower both patients and healthcare providers (Kim & Park,
2021). Telemedicine platforms, for instance, have revolutionized patient care by enabling
virtual consultations with specialists, thereby reducing the need for physical travel and
minimizing the burden on overburdened healthcare facilities (Johnson & Kumar, 2020).
Similarly, mobile health applications facilitate real-time health tracking, patient education,
and medication adherence, thereby improving health outcomes in resource-constrained
environments (Singh & Kapoor, 2022).
Keywords: Digital Health, Telemedicine, Rural Healthcare, M-Health, Artificial Intelligence
in Healthcare

Paper Title:
UNDERSTANDING THE LINK BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT FULFILMENT AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT: A MEDIATED MODEL APPROACH
Author Name:
Jasleen Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982517
Page No.:
39-52
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UNDERSTANDING THE LINK BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT FULFILMENT AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT: A MEDIATED MODEL APPROACH
Author: Jasleen Kaur

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the influence of psychological contract dimensions on organizational
commitment, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable, among faculty members in higher
education institutions in Punjab. Drawing on data from 431 respondents across six
universities, the research examines five psychological contract dimensions: transactional,
training and development, relational, balanced, and socio-emotional fulfilment. Results from
structural equation modelling reveal that all dimensions except socio-emotional fulfilment
significantly impact both job satisfaction and employee organizational commitment. Job
satisfaction also significantly mediates the relationships between most psychological contract
dimensions and organizational commitment. However, socio-emotional fulfilment did not
show a significant direct or indirect effect. The findings underscore the importance of
balanced obligations, developmental support, and relational trust in strengthening faculty
commitment. The study highlights job satisfaction as a key mechanism linking psychological
contracts to organizational outcomes and provides actionable insights for higher education
institutions aiming to enhance faculty engagement and retention.

Paper Title:
MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA: A CATALYST FOR ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Author Name:
Dipak Kundu, Surya Narayan Ray & Nilendu Chatterjee
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17019919
Page No.:
53-59
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MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA: A CATALYST FOR ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Author: Dipak Kundu, Surya Narayan Ray & Nilendu Chatterjee

ABSTRACT
Medical tourism has emerged as a significant contributor to India's healthcare and tourism
sectors, offering a unique blend of high-quality, cost-effective medical services to patients
from around the world. This paper explores the role of medical tourism in India as a catalyst
for achieving sustainable development. By examining the economic, social, and
environmental impacts of medical tourism, the paper highlights its potential to contribute to
the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in areas such as
economic growth, healthcare accessibility, and infrastructure development. The paper also
addresses the challenges and barriers that must be overcome to ensure the sustainable growth
of medical tourism in India. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this
study provides insights into the opportunities and obstacles associated with medical tourism
in India and offers recommendations for leveraging this sector to achieve sustainable
development.
Keywords: tourism, medical tourism, sustainable Development, Economic Growth, Indian
Economy

Paper Title:
GENDER PARITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN INDIA: A SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Rakesh Thakur & Mannat Brar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17189634
Page No.:
60-68
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GENDER PARITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN INDIA: A SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Author: Rakesh Thakur & Mannat Brar

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the complex intersection of gender parity and Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) in India through an integrated socioeconomic lens. Despite India's impressive
economic growth and constitutional commitments to equality, gender disparities persist
across multiple domains, presenting significant challenges to achieving SDG 5 (Gender
Equality) and related goals. The paradoxical decline in women's labour force participation—
from 30.3% in 1990 to 20.3% in 2023—during a period of substantial economic expansion
and educational gains exemplifies the multidimensional nature of gender inequality in the
Indian context. This analysis employs an interdisciplinary theoretical framework drawing
from feminist economics, capability approach, and intersectionality theory to illuminate how
sociocultural factors interact with economic structures to shape gender outcomes. The paper
identifies critical disparities in education, health, workforce participation, and asset
ownership, highlighting significant regional variations and implementation gaps in policy
frameworks. Economically, closing India's gender gap in labour force participation could add
approximately $700 billion to the country's GDP, while addressing disparities in access to
finance, land ownership, and care infrastructure would yield additional dividends across
multiple development indicators. However, conventional economic metrics often fail to
capture the full value of gender equality investments, particularly regarding unpaid care work
estimated at 40% of India's GDP if monetized. The findings demonstrate that effective
interventions must simultaneously address both economic barriers and social norms through
coordinated policy approaches. This paper concludes that achieving gender parity in India
requires recognizing it not as a peripheral "women's issue" but as a fundamental development
challenge with profound implications for the entire society and economy. The
recommendations emphasize strengthening implementation mechanisms, expanding women's
asset ownership, investing in care infrastructure, ensuring women's safety and mobility,
promoting inclusive digitalization, and developing gender-responsive data systems to support
evidence-based policymaking.
Keywords: Gender parity, Sustainable Development Goals, labour participation,
intersectionality, capability approach, feminist economics

Paper Title:
DO INDIAN BANKS EMBRACE VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM IN CULTURAL DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT?
Author Name:
Sukhdeep Kaur, Poonam
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17225810
Page No.:
69-84
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DO INDIAN BANKS EMBRACE VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM IN CULTURAL DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT?
Author: Sukhdeep Kaur, Poonam

ABSTRACT
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is comprised of two Sanskrit words – ―Vasudha,‖ meaning earth,
and ―Kutumbakam‖ meaning family. It means ―the whole world is one single family.‖The
concept is derived from the ancient Indian text Maha Upanishad, part of the Vedic scriptures
dating back over 3000 years.
In the present era of globalization where the whole world has become a global village,
concept becomes highly relevant. Organizations demand human resources with diverse
cultural orientations and in order to foster an inclusive and productive work environment and
it is very evident to manage and satisfy the interest of people from varied backgrounds and
principles of Vasudeva Kutumbkam aligns with these objectives. This study examines
whether three leading Indian banks—HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, and Axis Bank—adhere to
the principles of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam in their cultural diversity management practices.
Each of these banks functions in a fast-paced and competitive landscape, where the
management of human resources is essential for ensuring operational efficiency and
enhancing customer satisfaction. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire
from 80 employees working at these banks. Various statistical techniques including Factor
Analysis and One Way ANOVA were used for the analysis on SPSS software.

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF FDI INFLOWS AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA: A POST REFORM ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Umang Bhutani, Vaishali Chhabra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17233839
Page No.:
85-94
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IMPACT OF FDI INFLOWS AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA: A POST REFORM ANALYSIS
Author: Umang Bhutani, Vaishali Chhabra

ABSTRACT
This study explores the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows on India's
agricultural exports and economic growth, using an econometric approach. By using data
from the year 1991 to 2022 which was obtained from the World Bank Indicators, Reserve
Bank of India (RBI), World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), and International Trade
Centre (ITC), the research aims to deduce the long-run relationship between FDI inflows,
agricultural exports, and Economic growth in the country. FDI as well as Agricultural Exports
are hypothesised to positively influence Economic development in India. The analysis uses
the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to inspect the long-run equilibrium
between the variables. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship
between the variables. This suggests that increased inflows into the country along with
agricultural exports have fostered economic development in India. The study provides
empirical evidence of the benefits of agricultural exports and the inflow of overseas funding
for India's economic well-being, highlighting the importance of policies that attract foreign
investment to enhance agricultural productivity and competitiveness.
Keywords- Economic Growth, Economic Reforms, Agriculture Exports, FDI, ARDL, India.

Paper Title:
THE GLASS CEILING EFFECT IN MANAGEMENT OF THE PRIVATE EDUCATION SECTOR IN RAJASTHAN: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER WITH REFERENCE TO A CASE STUDY
Author Name:
Akanksha Kumari
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17275210
Page No.:
95-104
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THE GLASS CEILING EFFECT IN MANAGEMENT OF THE PRIVATE EDUCATION SECTOR IN RAJASTHAN: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER WITH REFERENCE TO A CASE STUDY
Author: Akanksha Kumari

ABSTRACT
This conceptual paper examines the glass ceiling phenomenon within management structures
of the private education sector in Rajasthan, India. Using extant theory on gendered
organizational barriers and social capital, it develops a conceptual framework that links
structural, cultural, and individual-level factors to the persistence of invisible barriers to
women‘s advancement into senior management and leadership in private schools and
colleges. The paper illustrates the framework with a focused case study of a representative
private school in Jaipur (presented as a composite case drawn from field-like observations
and common patterns reported across the region). It analyses systemic contributors —
recruitment and promotion practices, informal networks, work–family interface, gendered
expectations, and institutional policies — and proposes actionable interventions for policy
makers, institutional leaders, and civil society. Finally, it outlines directions for empirical
research and evaluation to test the framework in Rajasthan‘s private education context.
Keywords: glass ceiling, private education, Rajasthan, gender equality, organizational
culture, leadership, case study

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF ANIMAL EXPORTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA
Author Name:
Umang Bhutani
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17275439
Page No.:
105-114
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IMPACT OF ANIMAL EXPORTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA
Author: Umang Bhutani

ABSTRACT
Agriculture sector contributes a significant share in the national income of developing
countries, despite of the growth of other sectors much more than agriculture sector like
service and industry it is still be the backbone of the developing countries. Here, animal
exports (Independent variable) consist of five products as per HS-2 digits coding such as live
animals (01), meat and edible meat offal (02), Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other
aquatic invertebrates (03), Dairy produce; birds'' eggs; natural honey; edible products of
animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included (04), Animal originated products; not
elsewhere specified or included (05) as per the data availability from the official site that is
WITS. As agricultural exports being the important products, this study intends to show the
relationship between animal exports with the Gross Value Added (GVA) of India for the time
period 1988 to 2021. The data is collected from World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS)
and the official site of World Bank and it used Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model
(ARDL) and Error Correction Form to check the existence of long-term and short-term
relationship between the variables. The findings of the study revealed that the animal exports
have a significant and positive impact on the Gross Value Added (GVA) in the long run while
the results from Error Correction Form posits that there is no short-run relationship between
the variables.
Keywords- Animal Export, Agricultural Exports, ARDL, Economic Growth, GVA.

Paper Title:
ROLE OF YOGA PRACTICES IN THE MANAGEMENT DIGITAL POLLUTION
Author Name:
Chintaharan Betal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17300328
Page No.:
115-126
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ROLE OF YOGA PRACTICES IN THE MANAGEMENT DIGITAL POLLUTION
Author: Chintaharan Betal

INTRODUCTION
The „Digital Pollution‟ is an emerging concept that denotes the negative environmental,
social and health impacts arising from the rapid expansion and use of digital technologies
across the globe. According to Safdie (2024), “Digital pollution refers to the environmental
impact created as a result of multivarious digital activities, such as via e-waste,
manufacturing processes and energy consumption with data centres or smart devices. It
serves as an umbrella term for the emissions created from all digital products and services,
not just those related to direct internet use.” Fransen (2023) stated that "Digital pollution is an
umbrella term that encapsulates the environmental impact of the digital world. It manifests in
electronic waste (e-waste), excess data storage, the energy consumption of digital platforms
and the carbon footprint of the entire digital industry." Indeed, electronic devices, computers,
smartphones and servers consume energy to operate and store data, which can contribute to
air and water pollution. The use of these technologies generates electronic waste that is
difficult to recycle and contributes to polluting the planet earth (Circular Place, 2023). Unlike
traditional forms of pollution that are readily visible such as air, water or soil contamination,
digital pollution is often overlooked due to its largely imperceptible nature.
The manufacturing phase of information technology (IT) equipment alone is responsible for
significant energy consumption which account for up to 29% and contributes extensively to
greenhouse gas emissions, water usage and resource depletion. Furthermore, every digital
action, such as sending an email or performing an internet search are directly linked with
carbon footprint. Globally, the digital technologies are responsible for nearly 4% of
greenhouse gas emissions (M‟baye, 2025). Digital technology consumes about 10% of the
world‟s electricity and emits approximately 4% of global greenhouse gases (GHGs),
comparable to the aviation industry. These impacts were expected to be double or triple by
2030, if no mitigating action is taken. The digital sector's share of global carbon emissions is
forecasted to reach 7-9% by 2025, making it a significant contributor to climate change. The
production phase of digital hardware, such as smartphones, accounts for nearly 40% of its
carbon footprint with 80% generated before the device is even used (Flinch, 2025).
Major companies like Amazon, Microsoft, Meta and Google have reported emission
increases of over 140%-180% from 2020 to 2023 driven by AI and data centre demands
(Deepshikha Singh, 2025). According to Environmental Impact Analysis by Wedia Group and
Others (2023-2024), digital technologies accounted for 4% of global greenhouse gas
emissions in 2023 and were projected to increase to 8% by end of 2025 due to the rise in 5G
and data-heavy applications. The average internet user‟s digital activity, including emails,
streaming and browsing, contributes significantly to the carbon footprint e.g., a single Google
search can emit between 0.2 to 1.45 grams of CO2. By 2037, if trends continue unchecked,
global electricity demand from digital technologies could exceed current global electricity
production (Wedia Group, 2023 and Greenly Earth, 2024).National Research Journal of Human Resource Management ISSN: 2349-059X
Volume No: 12, Issue No: 2, Year: 2025 (July-December) Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal (IF: 7.25)
PP: 115-126 Journal Website www.nrjhrm.in
Published By: National Press Associates Page 116
© Copyright @ Authors
The above statistical data highlighted that digital pollution is a rapidly mounting day-by-day
and have emerged as one of the most complex sustainability challenges of contemporary
period. Hence, the study of ‘digital pollution’ has now become crucial in the 21st century as
the world striving for technological progress while also seeking environmental sustainability
and mental well-being.

Paper Title:
USING HR ANALYTICS TO IDENTIFY CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
Author Name:
I Mohana Krishna, Repaka Hema Harmisha & Jangala Jyothika
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17311674
Page No.:
128-133
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USING HR ANALYTICS TO IDENTIFY CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
Author: I Mohana Krishna, Repaka Hema Harmisha & Jangala Jyothika

ABSTRACT
Employee turnover remains one of the most significant challenges confronting modern
organizations, as it directly influences productivity, customer satisfaction, and financial
performance. This study explores how Human Resource (HR) analytics can be effectively
leveraged to identify the underlying causes of employee turnover and develop data-driven
retention strategies. Using a simulated dataset of 500 employees, this research applies
descriptive statistics, data visualization, and predictive modelling to examine the effects of
employee engagement, tenure, overtime, promotions, and managerial effectiveness on
turnover. The findings reveal critical turnover predictors and provide actionable
recommendations for HR practitioners to enhance retention outcomes.
Keywords: HR Analytics, Employee Turnover, Predictive Modelling, Retention,
Engagement, Manager Effectiveness, Data Visualization

Paper Title:
CONSEQUENCES OF PERSONALIZATION ACROSS BANKING PRODUCTS ON CUSTOMER RETENTION
Author Name:
Anthony Gruze Thangaraj. J, Uma Parameswari. K, Harini . I & Reena A
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17337660
Page No.:
134-142
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CONSEQUENCES OF PERSONALIZATION ACROSS BANKING PRODUCTS ON CUSTOMER RETENTION
Author: Anthony Gruze Thangaraj. J, Uma Parameswari. K, Harini . I & Reena A

ABSTRACT
Customer retention in the highly competitive banking environment turns a key factor for long
term profitability and growth of the sector. The study focused around exploring the
personalization in banking products and increasing customer loyalty services.
Personalization of banking services examines the inter relationship between five dimensions,
product personalization, Communication Personalization, Service Personalization and
Digital Personalization. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive and causal research
design to explore the impact of products personalization and customer retention in the Indian
banking sector. Structured questionnaire is used for data collection and validated with scales
from existing literature. Data was collected from 549 respondents by combination of online
and questionnaire mixed model approach is adopted for wider reach and inclusivity and nonprobable purposive sampling technique is adopted. Statistical tools like descriptive statistics,
reliability analysis by Cronbach’s Alpha assessed for internal consistency and validated.
Subsequently correlation analysis was conducted to explore relationship among the variables.
Key words: personalization, Banking products, Customer retention and Tailored banking
experience

Paper Title:
THE INVISIBLE BATTLE: GENDER SPECIFIC CHALLENGES IN STARTUP ECOSYSTEMS AND WOMEN’S STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THEM
Author Name:
Veerapaneni Madhu Latha, Veerla Sarupya Sri Sravani, Phani Manjusha Goparaju, Mallidi Shamita Reddy & Bolla Deepak
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17356129
Page No.:
143-145
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THE INVISIBLE BATTLE: GENDER SPECIFIC CHALLENGES IN STARTUP ECOSYSTEMS AND WOMEN’S STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THEM
Author: Veerapaneni Madhu Latha, Veerla Sarupya Sri Sravani, Phani Manjusha Goparaju, Mallidi Shamita Reddy & Bolla Deepak

ABSTRACT
Women entrepreneurs face a unique set of challenges within startup ecosystems that are often
overlooked in mainstream narratives. This paper explores the gender-specific barriers faced
by women, including access to funding, networking gaps, cultural stereotypes, and work-life
balance struggles. It investigates how these challenges affect business growth and
entrepreneurial sustainability. The paper also examines strategies women adopt to overcome
these barriers such as leveraging women-centric networks, embracing digital tools,
mentorship, and policy advocacy. By analyzing literature and real-world examples, the study
aims to highlight not only the invisible battles women fight but also their resilience and
innovative approaches to succeed in entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Keywords: Women entrepreneurship, startup ecosystem , gender barriers, mentorship ,worklife balance

Paper Title:
HARNESSING BUSINESS ANALYTICS FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH
Author Name:
Y. Kanaka Durga, P. Neelima, M. Pranathi, T. Mohana Sri & B. Srikantha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17385209
Page No.:
146-150
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HARNESSING BUSINESS ANALYTICS FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH
Author: Y. Kanaka Durga, P. Neelima, M. Pranathi, T. Mohana Sri & B. Srikantha

ABSTRACT:
Analytics plays a vital role in the healthcare sector by turning large volumes of data into
meaningful information. Hospitals and clinics collect massive data from electronic health
records, medical devices, and administrative systems, and business analytics helps make
sense of it. Through techniques like predictive, prescriptive, and descriptive analysis,
healthcare organizations can identify patients at risk, suggest suitable treatments, and
improve the overall quality of care. Tools such as machine learning and data visualization
also help in better resource management, emergency planning, and offering more
personalized healthcare services. In this way, analytics not only supports patient well-being
but also ensures smoother operations and stronger financial outcomes.
At the same time, using analytics in healthcare faces some challenges. Data privacy, scattered
information, and a shortage of trained professionals remain big hurdles. To overcome these,
proper data management, clear standards for sharing information, and staff training are
essential. Despite these difficulties, business analytics continues to be a game-changer in
healthcare. It encourages innovation, efficiency, and sustainability in the long run. Looking
ahead, future studies must also address the ethical use of analytics and explore how
technologies like artificial intelligence can further improve healthcare management and
patient outcomes.
Keywords: Healthcare Management, Bu

Paper Title:
HUMAN CAPITAL AND BEHAVIORAL DRIVERS IN AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION: EXAMINING FARMER DECISION-MAKING IN PUNJAB’S TRANSITION FROM RICE– WHEAT TO HIGH-VALUE CROPS
Author Name:
Advit Sethi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17452734
Page No.:
151-156
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HUMAN CAPITAL AND BEHAVIORAL DRIVERS IN AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION: EXAMINING FARMER DECISION-MAKING IN PUNJAB’S TRANSITION FROM RICE– WHEAT TO HIGH-VALUE CROPS
Author: Advit Sethi

ABSTRACT
Punjab’s agricultural economy, long sustained by the rice–wheat rotation, faces intensifying
ecological and economic challenges — groundwater depletion, soil nutrient imbalance, yield
stagnation, and climate variability. This study evaluates the comparative economics of the
traditional rice–wheat system and two high-value diversification options, celery (Apium
graveolens L.) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), within the Punjab context.
Using data from agricultural cost studies, farm surveys, and market analyses (2020–2025),
this paper estimates per-hectare yields, costs, and net returns while examining input use,
water demand, and climate sensitivity.
Results indicate that the rice–wheat system remains viable primarily due to institutional
support through Minimum Support Prices (MSP) and government procurement, yielding an
average output–input ratio of 1.34. Celery outperforms this with a ratio of 2.79, reflecting net
returns of approximately ₹ 75,665 / ha, while quinoa shows variable profitability (output–
input ratio 2.0–3.0) depending on market access and agronomic adaptation. Celery’s
profitability, moderate water demand, and established export network make it the most viable
high-value crop for Punjab’s transition toward sustainable diversification.
Keywords: Punjab agriculture; crop diversification; rice–wheat system; celery; quinoa; farm
economics; irrigation efficiency; climate resilience; high-value crops.

Paper Title:
ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE AND DECISION MAKING AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Author Name:
Soundrapandian.E. & K. Priya
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17587350
Page No.:
157-167
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ONLINE SHOPPING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE AND DECISION MAKING AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Author: Soundrapandian.E. & K. Priya

ABSTRACT
Trade and commerce are globalised in the new millennial for exchanging good and services
around the world. Amongst that Online shopping is transforming in such a way to fulfil the
need of the customers and ready to supply the requisite products to any parts of the world.
Technology, Economic factors, psychological factors are paying pivotal role in customer
preference and decision making. This research was concerned around knowing the more
influencing factors which motivates the consumers to decide the nature of products preferred
to buy on line basis. The findings of the study emphasize the relationship among the
technology, economic status, and psychological factors and its influence on decision making
among these factors after successfully examined that the relationship between technological
and economic elements influencing consumer psychology and stood main factor for
purchasing decisions. The research data is collected form five states exclusively Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra and Telangana from south India and analysis is done with
percentage analysis, and Analysis of movement Stricture (AMOS), to identify the
relationship between the latent variables used in the path diagramme to know its level of
significance.
Key words: Technology Advancement, Economic factors, psychological factors, Decision
making

Paper Title:
TRANSITIONAL SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE OF GADDI TRIBAL WOMEN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author Name:
Rohit Kumar & Het Ram Thakur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17589505
Page No.:
168-174
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TRANSITIONAL SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE OF GADDI TRIBAL WOMEN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author: Rohit Kumar & Het Ram Thakur

ABSTRACTThis research paper explores the transitional socio-political role of Gaddi tribal women in
Himachal Pradesh, focusing on how modernization, education, and state-driven development
are reshaping their traditional identities. Historically, Gaddi women were central to pastoral
and domestic economies, managing livestock, household production and ritual life while
sustaining cultural traditions through oral and performative art forms. In recent decades,
processes such as modernization, improved literacy and reservation in local governance have
opened new spaces for their participation in social, economic and political life. This paper
argues that Gaddi women are not passive victims of these changes but are active, strategic
agents weaving a new identity. The paper analyzes how these women negotiate between
continuity and change maintaining cultural practices while engaging with education, self-help
groups, and panchayat institutions. It also highlights the dual pressures they face increased
workloads and persistent patriarchal barriers that limit autonomy despite new opportunities.
By synthesizing contemporary studies, this paper highlights that how Gaddi tribal women are
weaving together the threads of tradition and transformation to redefine their socio-political
role within their culture.
Keywords- Gaddi Tribe, Socio-Political Transition, Tribal Women, Women Empowerment,
Social Change, Modernization, Education & Generational Change, Political Participation,
Family & Community Norms etc.

Paper Title:
EXECUTIVES’ PERCEPTION ON WORK-LIFE EFFECTIVENESS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS OF INDIA - A STUDY
Author Name:
Sheetal Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17788836
Page No.:
175-185
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EXECUTIVES’ PERCEPTION ON WORK-LIFE EFFECTIVENESS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS OF INDIA - A STUDY
Author: Sheetal Sharma

ABSTRACT:
Work-life effectiveness is extremely significant for bank officers because of the nature of
their job which is highly demanding, customer-oriented, target-driven with heavy
requirement of compliance. If the work-life portfolio is serviced properly it will increase the
performance at work and the family‟s contentment at home.
The given study is conducted with an objective of studying and comparing the perceptions of
bank officers regarding Work-Life Effectiveness in selected commercial banks in India.
In order to study this the primary data has been collected through administering a duly tested
structured questionnaire among the officer respondents working in the selected public, private
and foreign sector commercial banks operating in the state of Punjab and UT of Chandigarh.
The variable undertaken for research is the work-life effectiveness scale by Zeynep Copur
The universe of the present study is all the public, private and foreign sector commercial
banks operating in India, a sample of 10 commercial banks consisted of 04 public sector
commercial banks (SBI, PNB, BOB, CB) and other 04 banks (ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis
Bank, and Yes Bank) from the private sector and 02 banks (Standard Chartered Bank and Citi
Bank) from the foreign sector banks operating in the state of Punjab and UT of Chandigarh
have been drawn. The criteria adopted for the selection of the sample banks is the total staff
strength. The Overall Index of Work-Life Effectiveness Levels in the Public, Private and
Foreign Sector Commercial Banks indicates that the scores on the work-life effectiveness are
inclined more towards the positive side in the continuum, indicating thereby that the officers
of the public, private and foreign sectors possess a very favorable approach towards the job.
Key-words: Work-Life Effectiveness

Paper Title:
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR A DEVELOPED INDIA
Author Name:
Premakumari L
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17829686
Page No.:
186-195
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR A DEVELOPED INDIA
Author: Premakumari L

ABSTRACT
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) stands as a cornerstone of modern corporate ethics, as
businesses globally acknowledge their pivotal role in tackling societal, economic, and
environmental issues. This paper explores the CSR initiatives on advancing the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) within the Indian context. Providing an insightful overview of
the CSR landscape in India, the article examines key initiatives undertaken by Indian
enterprises and their implications for sustainable development. Moreover, it elucidates both
the opportunities and hurdles in augmenting corporate contributions to the SDGs in India.
Through its findings, this study emphasizes the importance of continuous efforts for
sustainable development and highlights the progress made by Indian companies in integrating
CSR principles into their business strategies.
Keywords – Corporate Social Responsibility, sustainable goals

Paper Title:
CONTEMPORARY PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL MODELS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Author Name:
Alka Sood & Arun Kant Painoli
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17938567
Page No.:
196-207
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CONTEMPORARY PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL MODELS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Author: Alka Sood & Arun Kant Painoli

ABSTRACT
Performance appraisal has evolved into a strategic human resource management tool that
supports employee motivation, development, and organizational effectiveness, particularly in
knowledge-intensive and highly regulated industries. This paper conceptually examines
contemporary performance appraisal models and their relevance to the pharmaceutical
industry. Drawing on existing literature, the study highlights the transition from traditional,
control-oriented appraisal systems to development-focused approaches such as Management
by Objectives, 360-degree feedback, competency-based appraisal, continuous performance
management, and technology-enabled systems. The analysis emphasizes the importance of
appraisal process quality, including fairness, transparency, feedback, and employee
participation, in shaping positive employee outcomes. The paper proposes a sector-specific
conceptual framework linking appraisal models with motivation, compliance, and
performance outcomes in pharmaceutical organizations, offering valuable insights for both
researchers and practitioners.
Keywords: Performance appraisal, Pharmaceutical industry, Employee motivation,
Performance management, HRM systems

Paper Title:
GIG WORK AND GENDER DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN INDIA’S GIG ECONOMY
Author Name:
Priyanka & Somya Arora
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17938609
Page No.:
208-214
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GIG WORK AND GENDER DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN INDIA’S GIG ECONOMY
Author: Priyanka & Somya Arora

ABSTRACT
Understanding the gig economy and the role of women workers within it is the goal of this
research article. It looks at the difficulties and prospects of India's gig economy. Due to the
flexibility, it offers in juggling their personal and professional life, some studies have found
that women workers are more likely to engage in gig labour. However, social insecurity is
regarded as a significant issue that can be resolved with appropriate legislation. According to
the survey, more assistance from the public and government is needed to put policies into
place that would help women workers and boost the economy. The study focuses on women
employees who face difficulties and problems while working in the gig economy to provide
for their families. It addresses the importance of comprehending the role of women workers
and the challenges they encounter in the gig economy, as well as offering solutions for its
further growth in India.
Keywords: Gig Economy, Gig Work, Women Workers, Gender Dyanamics, India

Paper Title:
GIG WORK AND GENDER DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN INDIA’S GIG ECONOMY
Author Name:
Priyanka & Somya Arora
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17938609
Page No.:
208-214
View PDF Certificate
GIG WORK AND GENDER DYNAMICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN INDIA’S GIG ECONOMY
Author: Priyanka & Somya Arora

ABSTRACT
Understanding the gig economy and the role of women workers within it is the goal of this
research article. It looks at the difficulties and prospects of India's gig economy. Due to the
flexibility, it offers in juggling their personal and professional life, some studies have found
that women workers are more likely to engage in gig labour. However, social insecurity is
regarded as a significant issue that can be resolved with appropriate legislation. According to
the survey, more assistance from the public and government is needed to put policies into
place that would help women workers and boost the economy. The study focuses on women
employees who face difficulties and problems while working in the gig economy to provide
for their families. It addresses the importance of comprehending the role of women workers
and the challenges they encounter in the gig economy, as well as offering solutions for its
further growth in India.
Keywords: Gig Economy, Gig Work, Women Workers, Gender Dyanamics, India

Paper Title:
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE WORKPLACE: MAPPING PREDICTORS OF WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Author Name:
Reetu
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17938840
Page No.:
215-226
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INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE WORKPLACE: MAPPING PREDICTORS OF WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Author: Reetu

1. INTRODUCTION
Work–life balance (WLB) has emerged as a central concern in organizational behaviour
research, driven by changing workforce demographics, rising job demands, and increasing
work intensification across industries. Early scholarship conceptualized WLB as the dynamic
interaction between work and family domains, highlighting how competing demands
influence individual well-being and functioning (Takami, 2021). As organizational structures
evolved, researchers recognized that employees navigate overlapping roles, making the
balance between personal and professional spheres increasingly complex (Hall & Richter,
1988). The rise of dual-earner households further amplified this complexity, causing work
and family pressures to spill over across domains (Maharani & Tomara, 2024).
The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by high job demands, regulatory pressures,
round-the-clock production cycles, and demanding work schedules, all which place
employees at heightened risk of stress and imbalance. Extensive research has shown that
work stress significantly affects employee health, job satisfaction, and organizational
outcomes (Kshirsagar, 2018). Within this context, internal factors such as personal values,
resilience, time-management, and health behaviours interact with external factors such as
workload, supervisory support, technological expectations, and organizational culture to
shape employees’ perceptions of balance (Kedia et al.,2023).
The literature suggests that imbalance often manifests as burnout, fatigue, role conflict, and
job stress, which in turn influence job satisfaction and turnover intentions (Kelliher et al.,
2019). Role ambiguity and role conflict are particularly pronounced in demanding sectors,
significantly contributing to stress and reduced job satisfaction. In industries such as
pharmaceuticals, where employees often work extended hours and face stringent deadlines,
these stressors can be particularly pronounced (Kerdpitak & Jermsittiparsert, 2020). Recent
studies further highlight how technology proliferation, remote communication, and digital
monitoring intensify both work demands and expectations of availability, complicating the
ability to maintain equilibrium (Panda & Radhakrishnan, 2017; Duan et al., 2023).
Despite a rich global literature, empirical studies focusing specifically on the internal and
external predictors of WLB in India’s pharmaceutical sector, particularly at the district level,
remain limited. District Solan in Himachal Pradesh hosts one of the largest pharmaceutical
manufacturing clusters in Asia, characterized by heavy workloads, shift operations, and high
employment density. Yet scholarly inquiry into how employees in this region perceive and
manage work–life balance is scarce. Addressing this research gap, the present study aims to
systematically examine the individual-level (internal) and organizational-environmental (external) factors influencing WLB, assess the prevalence of WLB problems, and explore
how these shape overall job satisfaction.

Paper Title:
INDIA’S MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN SINCE 2014
Author Name:
Het Ram Thakur & Ram pal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17962017
Page No.:
227-236
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INDIA’S MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN SINCE 2014
Author: Het Ram Thakur & Ram pal

ABSTRACT:
India‟s maritime strategy has undergone a significant transformation after 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In which India emphasizes its Strategic, economic and security interests in the region. This Paper explores how India‟s maritime strategy has evolved since 2014 under the various key initiatives introduced by the government, including SAGAR, Act East Policy, Indo-Pacific strategy, Quad and Naval modernisation
shaped India‟s outlook towards the Indian Ocean. The study also discusses how India seeks the status of a maritime power and net security provider in the Indian Ocean by enhancing maritime domain awareness and collaborations with bilateral as well as multilateral partnerships. The study assesses how the rise of China as an economic and military power in the region challenges India‟s ambition of becoming a maritime power in the Indian Ocean. Under the leadership of PM Modi, India has given priority to naval capabilities, strategic infrastructure in the Indian Ocean. In response to China‟s increasing presence in the Indian Ocean
through the string of pearls policy and the Belt and Road (BRI) Initiative, India is constantly striving to enhance and strengthen its multilateral ties. The study highlights how India is aiming to become a maritime power through multilateral engagements.

Keywords: Maritime Security, Indian Ocean, BRI, Quad, SAGAR, Indo-Pacific, Act East Policy.

Paper Title:
COSMOLOGY, CONSCIOUSNESS AND KNOWLEDGE IN VEDAS: FOUNDATION OF INDIAN KNOWLEDGE TRADITION
Author Name:
Jitesh Kumar Pandey
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18058821
Page No.:
237-247
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COSMOLOGY, CONSCIOUSNESS AND KNOWLEDGE IN VEDAS: FOUNDATION OF INDIAN KNOWLEDGE TRADITION
Author: Jitesh Kumar Pandey

ABSTRACT
India swanks the one of the largest education system on the globe, this system has crossed diverse phases to attain its present status. The foundation of present Indian education system is Indian Knowledge Tradition. Education was treated utmost importantly in the ancient period. Indian Knowledge Tradition is designed not only to gain knowledge but also
emphasized character development, attaining self-control and confidence and understanding the social issues to an individual. It is overt that Indian Vedas are the oldest scriptures of the world. Generally, Vedas are looked as religious scriptures. The Indian Knowledge Tradition is the methodical body of knowledge developed in India since ancient periods and consisting
all the traditions and practices that have been build up, refined and conserved over generations by diverse cultures, Vedas, Purans and Smritis. The word Veda is derived from the Sanskrit word vid, which indicates knowledge or to know; hence, it is a important body of religious transcript that formulated in ancient India. The Vedas have unique features consisting a brilliant combination of knowledge, action and devotion. The Puranas are wide classification of Indian ancient religious literature, particularly myth and other ritual lore. Purana contains the instructions for ritual performance and has many mythological narratives concerned to different gods. The paper critically examines the rich contribution of Ancient knowledge scriptures like Veda, Purana, Upnishads, Upvedas etc. in Knowledge tradition flourishing in India, spanning from ancient times to the contemporary era, critically analyzing the aspects of each phase.

Keywords: Shruti, Samriti, Veda, Purana, Upnishads, Upvedas, Katha sukta.

Paper Title:
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON HOW TRANSFORMATIONAL PRACTICES IMPROVE MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING AND ENHANCE EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
Author Name:
Shobha Jonathan Prakash
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18103803
Page No.:
248-259
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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON HOW TRANSFORMATIONAL PRACTICES IMPROVE MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING AND ENHANCE EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
Author: Shobha Jonathan Prakash

ABSTRACT:
This comprehensive research paper presents a quantitative investigation into the efficacy of Transformational Leadership (TL) practices in optimizing two critical organizational outcomes: Managerial Decision-Making (MDM) quality and Employee Productivity (EP). Utilizing the foundational Full Range Leadership Model (FRLM), TL is assessed via its four core components (the Four I’s). The study employed a structural equation modelling (SEM)
approach to test a complex causal framework, hypothesized to operate partly through the affective channel of Perceived Organizational Support (POS). The findings reveal a significant positive direct effect of TL on MDM quality. This strong relationship underscores the role of intellectual stimulation and idealized influence in fostering environments conducive to ethical and evidence-based strategic choices. This research empirically validates that Transformational Leadership serves as a dual strategic lever: improving high-level managerial cognitive processes and fundamentally
boosting subordinate productivity by institutionalizing support and motivation. These results mandate that organizational development efforts prioritize training modules focused specifically on the empathetic and intellectual dimensions of the Four I’s to enhance overall organizational effectiveness.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON GENERATIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON WORKPLACE EFFICACY IN VARIOUS SECTORS
Author Name:
Anushree Agarwal & Neha Mathur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18104027
Page No.:
260-276
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A STUDY ON GENERATIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON WORKPLACE EFFICACY IN VARIOUS SECTORS
Author: Anushree Agarwal & Neha Mathur

ABSTRACT
Workplaces in the twenty-first century are characterized by unprecedented diversity, particularly with respect to generational composition. Employees from multiple generations—ranging from Baby Boomers to Generation Z—now work side by side, bringing distinct values, work ethics, communication preferences, and technological orientations. While this diversity has the potential to enrich organizational culture and enhance workplace efficacy, it also poses challenges in terms of conflict, miscommunication, and differences in expectations. The present study investigates the impact of generational diversity on workplace efficacy. A qualitative research design based on secondary data analysis was adopted. A systematic desk
review was followed to analyse the literature. Findings reveal both the synergies and tensions that emerge in multigenerational workplaces in the service sector, highlighting the critical role of human resource practices in managing diversity. The study contributes to the existing and evolving literature on workforce diversity by offering sector-specific insights and practical recommendations for organizational leaders. It underscores the need for adaptive HR strategies, inclusive leadership, and flexible policies to
harness the benefits of generational diversity while minimizing potential drawbacks.

Keywords: generational diversity, multi-generational workforce, workplace efficacy, employee collaboration, innovation, and job satisfaction.

Paper Title:
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA AND MAHABHARATA
Author Name:
Taniya Sohal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18129598
Page No.:
277-281
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA AND MAHABHARATA
Author: Taniya Sohal

1. ABSTRACT:
At its essence, management transcends being a mere assortment of techniques; it embodies a guiding philosophy that empowers both individuals and organizations to efficiently reach their goals. It constitutes a repository of knowledge that aids organizations in navigating the complex interactions between people and their environment, thereby ensuring the effective provision of goods and services for the benefit of society. This paper delves into the principles of strategic management as illuminated by the wisdom of the Gita, emphasizing its significance in today's organizational and managerial landscapes. Through an in-depth examination of the Bhagavad Gita and the Mahabharata, this study reveals invaluable insights into leadership, decision-making, teamwork, conflict resolution, and ethical behavior. By incorporating the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita into contemporary management practices, leaders can develop a more profound comprehension of their roles and responsibilities, thereby promoting both organizational success and personal development. The current research is grounded in secondary data sourced from electronic media, academic papers, journals, and the addresses of spiritual leaders. The majority of the discussions presented in this paper are structured around the analyses of various versions of the Mahabharata (Ganguly, 2003) and the Bhagavad Gita (A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998). This research holds the potential to benefit both scholars and practitioners who aspire to
weave holistic and ethical principles into the fabric of modern management and leadership.

Keywords: Leadership, Bhagavad Gita, Mahabharata, Spirituality

Paper Title:
GURUKUL 2.0: DISCIPLINE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ADAPTING GURUKUL TIME MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES TO REMOTE WORK CULTURE
Author Name:
Harshita Juneja
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18129701
Page No.:
282-286
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GURUKUL 2.0: DISCIPLINE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ADAPTING GURUKUL TIME MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES TO REMOTE WORK CULTURE
Author: Harshita Juneja

ABSTRACT
Remote and hybrid work culture have transformed how people manage their time, offering flexibility but also creating new challenges. Many employees struggle with distractions, irregular routines and blurred boundaries between personal and professional life. Interestingly, the ancient Indian gurukul system placed great emphasis on discipline, balance and structured use of time. Students followed well defined schedules that include study, physical activity, reflection, and community interaction, ensuring holistic development. This
paper examines how those principles can be adapted to modern contexts using digital tools. The study explores whether practices like fixed focus periods, regular breaks, meditation and accountability – once central to gurukuls – can be integrated with productivity applications, AI based trackers and virtual collaboration platforms. A survey of remote workers and students, combined with analysis of existing digital productivity solutions, will be used to identify practical strategies for improving discipline in flexible work environments. The aim is to develop a hybrid model that draws on both traditional time management wisdom and modern technology. Such a framework could help individuals build healthier routines, enhance focus and reduce stress while maintaining flexibility.

Paper Title:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES IN STATE BANK OF INDIA IN SARAN DISTRICT
Author Name:
Seema Sharma & Abdul Rahim Safi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18138388
Page No.:
287-294
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DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES IN STATE BANK OF INDIA IN SARAN DISTRICT
Author: Seema Sharma & Abdul Rahim Safi

ABSTRACT
Recruitment and selection in Indian public sector banks (PSBs) have undergone a marked digital transformation, driven by scale, compliance requirements, competition for talent, and the operational logic of nationwide branch networks. State Bank of India (SBI), as the country’s largest PSB, has progressively standardized an end-to-end digital hiring pipeline, online applications, e-admit cards, computer-based testing, digitally enabled communications, and structured multi-stage assessments for officer and clerical cadres. This study examines the digital transformation of recruitment and selection practices with a specific contextual lens on Saran district (Bihar): a district with a large banking footprint and therefore persistent
staffing and capability requirements for customer service, credit delivery, digital adoption support, and operational risk controls. Using authentic network data from SLBC Bihar and official SBI recruitment notifications, the study develops a district-contextual commerce perspective on how technology redesigns hiring process efficiency, fairness, risk management, and workforce readiness. The study provides empirical tables and plots to
situate SBI’s digital hiring within Bihar’s banking network realities and to demonstrate changes in recruitment cycles. The analysis argues that while recruitment is centrally executed and nationally competitive, district-level outcomes depend on the alignment between digital selection signals (test constructs and evaluation protocols) and local job demands (service intensity, onboarding load, and digital service delivery).

Keywords: SBI, recruitment digitization, e-HRM, computer-based test, PSB staffing, Bihar banking network, Saran district, selection validity, onboarding analytics

Paper Title:
CONSUMERS’ AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2019 – A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO CONSUMERS IN LUDHIANA CITY
Author Name:
Gurleen
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18185094
Page No.:
293-299
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CONSUMERS’ AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2019 – A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO CONSUMERS IN LUDHIANA CITY
Author: Gurleen

ABSTRACT
Consumer awareness and protection play a vital role in maintaining a fair and transparent marketplace. This study explores the level of awareness and perceptions of consumers in Ludhiana city regarding the Consumer Protection Act 2019. It assesses awareness across different age groups, the tendency to file complaints, and consumer satisfaction with redressal
mechanisms. Through primary data collected via structured questionnaires, the study presents findings in a tabular format. The research identifies key challenges and proposes policy measures to strengthen consumer protection.

Keywords: Consumer Awareness, Consumer Protection Act 2019, Consumer Rights, Complaint Redressal, Consumer Satisfaction, Ludhiana, Policy Recommendations.

Paper Title:
HOW ADOLESCENTS PERCEIVE GENDER ROLES: A SOCIOBEHAVIOURAL STUDY
Author Name:
Gurkeen Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18196544
Page No.:
300-306
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HOW ADOLESCENTS PERCEIVE GENDER ROLES: A SOCIOBEHAVIOURAL STUDY
Author: Gurkeen Kaur

ABSTRACT
This study explores adolescents’ perceptions of gender roles in education, careers, leadership, household responsibilities, and social influence. A sample of 100 adolescents aged 14–18 years from Classes IX–XII was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The study reveals that adolescents largely support gender equality in education, career choice, and leadership potential, but traditional expectations persist, especially in household responsibilities and
societal pressures on boys’ careers. Peer groups, schools, and media were found to play a significant role in shaping these perceptions. The findings highlight the need for gendersensitive education and awareness programs to promote equality and challenge persistent stereotypes among adolescents.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING-A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HOMESCHOOLING CONCEPT
Author Name:
Prameela K S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18206114
Page No.:
307-316
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A STUDY ON INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING-A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HOMESCHOOLING CONCEPT
Author: Prameela K S

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this research is to examine the similarities and differences between homeschooling and traditional schools and its impact on higher educations . The study reviews the literature on the learning techniques used in both methods to develop an overview. Home schooling can be traced in the ancient period in many puranas like Mahabarath an ancient Indian epic where two branches of a family, Pandavas and Kauravas study through home schooling Homeschooling has become an alternate form of education in recent times. Homeschooling primarily focuses on individualized learning and flexible scheduling, whereas traditional schooling generally follows a more structured and standardized approach involving socialization and group thinking. This particular paper helps to identify the difference in learning techniques of each method and adaptation of them to the
efficient learning.

Key words: Homeschooling, alternative form of education, socialisation, school regulation.

Paper Title:
DIGITAL LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MANDYA CITY, KARNATAKA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author Name:
Sandeep B N & Ravi B C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18206173
Page No.:
317-324
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DIGITAL LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MANDYA CITY, KARNATAKA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author: Sandeep B N & Ravi B C

ABSTRACT:
Digital literacy has become an essential skill in higher education, shaping how students and educators’ access, interpret, and utilize knowledge in an increasingly technology-driven environment. In Mandya City, Karnataka, the integration of digital tools in colleges and universities presents both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the adoption of elearning platforms, online resources, and digital communication fosters interactive teaching, enhances student engagement, and expands access to global knowledge. It also provides opportunities for skill development that are crucial for employability in a digital economy. On the other side, the region faces barriers such as uneven access to technology, insufficient digital infrastructure, limited training for faculty, and socio-economic disparities among students.The present study adopts a descriptive research design to analyse the challenges and opportunities of digital literacy in higher education institutions of Mandya. Both primary and secondary data are utilized. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires and
interviews with a sample of 100 respondents, including students and faculty across selected colleges. A stratified random sampling technique is employed to ensure balanced representation across different institutions and respondent categories. Secondary data is drawn from academic publications, Government reports, and institutional records. Data is
analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.This study provides insights for policy interventions and sustainable educational practices aimed at strengthening digital literacy in Mandya higher education sector.

Keywords: Digital Literacy, Higher Education, Challenges, Opportunities, and Socioeconomic.

Paper Title:
PERCEPTION TOWARDS SWAYAM - MOOC’S FOR LEARNING AMONG POST GRADUATE STUDENTS
Author Name:
M. Balasubramaniam & Kiruthiga Devi. S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18322390
Page No.:
325-330
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PERCEPTION TOWARDS SWAYAM - MOOC’S FOR LEARNING AMONG POST GRADUATE STUDENTS
Author: M. Balasubramaniam & Kiruthiga Devi. S

ABSTRACT:
Education is the foundation of a nation’s progress, and with the advancement of digital technologies, online learning platforms have gained immense importance. In India, the need for affordable and accessible education led to the development of SWAYAM-MOOC’s, a government-backed initiative providing free, high-quality online courses. The platform is designed to bridge the educational divide by offering learning opportunities to students,
teachers, and professionals across the country. By integrating ICT in education, SWAYAMMOOC’s has not only enhanced accessibility but also revolutionized traditional learning methods.

Keywords: SWAYAM, MOOCs, online learning, Perception, Digital Education.

Paper Title:
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Rohini Marwaha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18346910
Page No.:
331-335
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EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Author: Rohini Marwaha

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary competitive business environment, human resources have emerged as a critical source of sustainable competitive advantage. Employee engagement has gained increasing attention among HR scholars and practitioners due to its potential influence on organizational commitment and job performance. The present study aims to examine the relationship between employee engagement, organizational commitment, and job performance in selected service sector organizations. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 employees, and statistical tools such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA were applied for data analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and both organizational commitment and job performance. The study provides practical implications for HR managers to design effective engagement strategies to enhance employee productivity and retention.

Keywords: Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, Job Performance, Human Resource Management, Service Sector

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